309C_ s24627_ManpreetSingh

Communication & computer skills

1. Communication:

Definition
1. The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing, or behavior.
2. The art and technique of using words effectively to impart information or ideas.
3. The field of study concerned with the transmission of information by various means, such as print or broadcasting.

Main elements of communication process:
1. Sender
2. message
3. receiver
4. feedback
5. channel
6. context or setting
7. Interference or noise.


2. Forms of communication

1. Verbal communication:
Definition
It is a communication between two or more people in spoken or written form.
It is one way for people to communicate face to face. Some of the key components of verbal communication are sound, words, speaking & language.
Example: Examples of verbal communication: speeches, face-to-face discussions, telephone conversations, voicemail, television, radio, recorded books and seminars, videos. Speakers using sign language would be considered to be using a form of verbal communication. It also include letters, faxes, emails, books, newspapers, magazines, articles, hand written notes, announcements...



2. Non verbal communication: Definition: Nonverbal communication (NVC) is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages.
Example: Examples of nonverbal communication are gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, physical proximity, touching.



3. Graphic communication:
Definition: Graphic communication as the name suggests is communication through graphics and graphical aids. It is the process of creating, producing, and distributing material incorporating words and images to convey data, concepts, and emotions.
Example: Examples are photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images


3. The Sender
Definition: The person who transmits a message, or (in some instances) a person on whose behalf a message is sent. Senders are individual who react to situations from a unique vantage point, interpreting ideas & filtering experiences through their own perception.

The Receiver
Definition: The receiver is the receiving end of a communication channel. It receives decoded messages/information from the sender, who first encoded them to achieve understanding.

Message
Definition: The massage is the idea or feelings transmitted from the sender to receiver to achieve understanding. It makes the connection between sender & receiver.


Feedback
Definition: The process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output, also encouraging the speaker to continue, listeners respond in a way that shows their comprehension & acceptance or non acceptance of the message.




4. Perceptions
Definition: Perception is the way people understand or give meanings to their environment. We can also say that representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept.


Factors which influence the perception

1. Expectations
2. Self concept
3. Experience
4. Feelings
5. Family
6. Attitudes & values
7. Culture
8. Communication skills

5. Types of communication

1. Assertive communication:
Definition: Assertive communication is the straightforward and open expression of your needs, desires, thoughts and feelings. Assertive communication involves advocating for your own needs while still considering and respecting the needs of others.
Example: Assertive communication involves the use of "I" statements, such as "I need some help preparing dinner for our guests this evening."

2. Aggressive communication:
Definition: Aggressive communication is a method of expressing needs and desires that do not take in to account the welfare of others. Those who communicate in an aggressive manner are generally perceived as selfish and unwilling to compromise. An aggressive communication style is usually linked to a desire to hurt others or exact revenge, or may reflect poor emotional development..
Example Aggressive communication usually attacks the other person instead of expressing a need: "You never spend any time with me" versus "I need to spend more time with you"
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3. Passive communication:
Definition: Passive communication is a form of expression that is ineffective and maladaptive. Those with a passive communication style are generally afraid of confrontation and do not feel they have the right to make their wishes and desires known.

Example: Passive communication usually involves vague requests for help, such as, "I wish the house were tidier for our guests this evening," or a failure to assert an opinion


4. Passive-aggressive communication:
Definition: Passive-aggressive communication is a style in which individuals appear passive on the surface but are really acting out anger in a subtle, indirect, or behind-the-scenes way. Prisoners of War (POWs) often act in passive-aggressive ways to deal with an overwhelming lack of power. POWs may try to secretly sabotage the prison, make fun of the enemy, or quietly disrupt the system while smiling and appearing cooperative.
Example: When conversing with someone who is angry at you, they leave out important information which gives you the wrong impression.